The native Germans on this list no doubt know more of the finer details of their ancient antecedents than I, but the Angles, Saxons, Jutes are simply some of the larger and better known of the numerous early Germanic tribes that make up what we today define as Western Europeans, and by extension, Western Europe. The Goths, Lombards, Franks, Vandals, Burgundunians, Bavarians etc. are other well known tribes of what amount to dozens (+) of separate groups, all related (in varying degrees) racially, ethnically and linguistically - but still with certain ethnic-cultural differences (some rather weighty) setting them apart.
These early tribes, traced historically back to India (when known as Aryans) and later Russia, eventually emigrated to Western Europe and populated land masses from Norway to the north to Germany and Austria in the south, Spain in the west to Hungary-Austria in the east, and practically everywhere in between. Large numbers of Angles, Saxons and Jutes invaded and conquered the British Isles, pushing the Gallic peoples aside (who had invaded the Islands earlier and are also related in ethnic/cultural ways to the Germanic tribes, but more distantly). The Visigoths eventually took present day Spain and parts of France (once again pushing aside - or absorbing - the Gauls and other pockets of indigenous peoples in the area, as did the Franks), The Ostragothic tribes much of present day Deutschland, the Lombards northern Italy, the Vandals north Africa, the Prussians parts of present day Poland and beyond, and on and on it went, with much overlapping of one group into another to boot. Lesser tribes settled into smaller areas, or assimilated into larger groups, presently differentiated and defined by individual regions or states throughout Europe. All this of course took hundreds of years to fully unfold on the continent alone, and thousands of years if dating back to the time of the Aryans in India. Needless to say, this is a monumental broad stroke I'm putting into capsulization, whereas I'm barely touching the surface, when one considers all the ground that would have to be covered to do such a subject justice.
Jb